Kibana Timelion is a time-series based visualization language that enables you to analyze time-series data in a more flexible way. compared to other visualization types that Kibana offers.
Instead of using a visual editor to create visualizations, Timelion uses a combination of chained functions, with a unique syntax, to depict any visualization, as complex as it may be.
The biggest value of using Timelion comes from the fact that you can concatenate any function on any log data. This means that you can plot a combination of functions made of different sets of logs within your index. It’s like creating a Join between uncorrelated logs except you don’t just fetch the entire set of data, but rather visualize their relationship. This is something no other Kibana visualization tool provides.
In this post, we’ll explore the variety of functions that Kibana Timelion supports, their syntax and options, and see some examples.
Kibana Timelion Functions
Function | What the function does | Arguments | Syntax |
---|---|---|---|
.abs() | Return the absolute value of each value in the series list (Chainable) | not accepting any arguments | .es(*).abs() |
.add() or .plus() or .sum() | Adds the values of one or more series in a seriesList to each position, in each series, of the input seriesList. (Chainable) | term Accepted Types: seriesList, number | .es(*).add(term=.es(..)) |
.aggregate() | Creates a static line based on result of processing all points in the series. (Chainable) | function Accepted Types: string Available functions: avg, cardinality, min, max, last, first, sum | .es(*).aggregate(function=avg) |
.bars() | Show the seriesList as bars (Chainable) | width Accepted Types: number, null stack Accepted Types: boolean, null | .es(*).bars(width=0.5,stack=yes) |
.color() | Change the color of the series (Chainable) | color Accepted Types: string Colors of series, as hex, e.g., #c6c6c6 is light grey. If you specify multiple colors, and have multiple series, you will get a gradient, e.g., "#00B1CC:#00FF94:#FF3A39:#CC1A6F" | .es(*).color(color=#c6c6c6) |
.cusum() | Return the cumulative sum of series, starting at a base. (Chainable) | base Accepted Types: number | .es(*).cusum(base=0) |
.derivative() | Plot the change in values over time. (Chainable) | not accepting any arguments | .es(*).derivative() |
.divide() | Divides the values of one or more series in a seriesList to each position, in each series, of the input seriesList. (Chainable) | divisor Accepted Types: seriesList, number | .es(*).divide(divisor=.es(..)) |
.es() | Pull data from an elasticsearch instance (Data Source) | q, metric, split, index, timefield, kibana, offset, fit | .es(q=...,metric=...,split=...,index=...,timefield=...,kibana=...,offset=...,fit=...) |
.es(q) | Query in lucene query string syntax | q Accepted Types: string, null | .es(q="status_code:500 AND http_method:get") |
.es(metric) | An elasticsearch metric aggregation: avg, sum, min, max, percentiles or cardinality, followed by a field. E.g. "sum:bytes_sent.numeric", "percentiles:bytes_sent.numeric:1,25,50,75,95,99" or just "count". If metric is not specified default option is count so it is redundant to use metric=count | metric Accepted Types: string, null | .es(metric=sum:bytes_sent.numeric) |
.es(split) | An elasticsearch field to split the series on and a limit. E.g., "hostname:10" to get the top 10 hostnames | split Accepted Types: string, null | .es(split=hostname.keyword:10) |
.es(index) | Index to query, wildcards accepted. Provide Index Pattern name for scripted fields and field name type ahead suggestions for metrics, split, and timefield arguments. | index Accepted Types: string, null | .es(index="your index name",split=hostname.keyword:5) |
.es(timefield) | Field of type "date" to use for x-axis | timefield Accepted Types: string, null | .es(timefield=coralogix.timestamp) |
.es(kibana) | Respect filters on Kibana dashboards. Only has an effect when using on Kibana dashboards | kibana Accepted Types: boolean, null | .es(kibana=true) |
.es(offset) | Offset the series retrieval by a date expression, e.g., -1M to make events from one month ago appear as if they are happening now. Offset the series relative to the charts overall time range, by using the value "timerange", e.g. "timerange:-2" will specify an offset that is twice the overall chart time range to the past. | offset Accepted Types: string, null | .es(offset=-1w) |
.es(fit) | Algorithm to use for fitting series to the target time span and interval. | fit Accepted Types: string, null Available: average, carry, nearest, none, scale | .es(fit=scale) |
.fit() | Fill null values using a defined fit function (Chainable) | mode Accepted Types: string The algorithm to use for fitting the series to the target. One of: average, carry, nearest, none, scale | .es(*).fit(mode=carry) |
.hide() | Hide the series by default (Chainable) | hide Accepted Types: boolean, null | .es(*).hide(hide=true) |
.holt() | Sample the beginning of a series and use it to forecast what should happen via several optional parameters. In general, this doesn't really predict the future, but predicts what should be happening right now according to past data, which can be useful for anomaly detection. Note that nulls will be filled with forecasted values. (Chainable) | alpha, beta, gamma, season, sample | .es(*).holt(alpha=...,beta=...,gamma=...,season=...,sample=...) |
.holt(alpha) | Smoothing weight from 0 to 1. Increasing alpha will make the new series more closely follow the original. Lowering it will make the series smoother. | alpha Accepted Types: number | .es(*).holt(alpha=0.4) |
.holt(beta) | Trending weight from 0 to 1. Increasing beta will make rising/falling lines continue to rise/fall longer. Lowering it will make the function learn the new trend faster. | beta Accepted Types: number | .es(*).holt(beta=0.7) |
.holt(gamma) | Seasonal weight from 0 to 1. Does your data look like a wave? Increasing this will give recent seasons more importance, thus changing the wave form faster. Lowering it will reduce the importance of new seasons, making history more important. | gamma Accepted Types: number | .es(*).holt(gamma=0.9,season=1w,sample=2) |
.holt(season) | How long is the season, e.g., 1w if your pattern repeats weekly. (Only useful with gamma) | season Accepted Types: string | .es(*).holt(gamma=0.9,season=1w,sample=2) |
.holt(sample) | The number of seasons to sample before starting to "predict" in a seasonal series. (Only useful with gamma, Default: all) | sample Accepted Types: number, null | .es(*).holt(gamma=0.9,season=1w,sample=2) |
.if() | Compares each point to a number, or the same point in another series using an operator, then sets its value to the result if the condition proves true, with an optional else. (Chainable) | operator, if, then, else (else is optional) | .es(*).if(operator=...,if=...,then=...,else=...) |
.if(operator) | comparison operator to use for comparison, valid operators are eq (equal), ne (not equal), lt (less than), lte (less than equal), gt (greater than), gte (greater than equal) | operator Accepted Types: string | .es(*).if(operator=lt,if=5000,then=0) |
.if(if) | The value to which the point will be compared. If you pass a seriesList here the first series will be used | if Accepted Types: number, seriesList, null | .es(*).if(operator=lt,if=5000,then=0) |
.if(then) | The value the point will be set to if the comparison is true. If you pass a seriesList here the first series will be used | then Accepted Types: number, seriesList, null | .es(*).if(operator=lt,if=5000,then=0) |
.if(else) | The value the point will be set to if the comparison is false. If you pass a seriesList here the first series will be used | else Accepted Types: number, seriesList, null | .es(*).if(operator=lt,if=5000,then=0,else=10000) |
.label() | Change the label of the series. Use %s to reference the existing label. (Chainable) | label Accepted Types: string Legend value for series. You can use $1, $2, etc, in the string to match up with the regex capture groups regex Accepted Types: string, null A regex with capture group support | .es(split=level.keyword:5).label(regex=".*keyword:([a-zA-Z]+).*",label="$1") |
.legend() | Set the position and style of the legend on the plot. (Chainable) | position, columns, showTime, timeFormat | .es(*).legend(position=...,columns=...,showTime=...,timeFormat=...) |
.legend(position) | Corner to place the legend in: nw, ne, se, sw. You can also pass false to disable the legend. | position Accepted Types: string, boolean, null | .es(split=level.keyword:5).legend(position=ne) |
.legend(columns) | Number of columns to divide the legend into. | columns Accepted Types: number, null | .es(split=level.keyword:5).legend(position=ne,columns=4) |
.legend(showTime) | Show the time value in legend when hovering over graph. Default: true. | showTime Accepted Types: boolean | .es(split=level.keyword:5).legend(position=ne,columns=4,showTime=true) |
.legend(timeFormat) | moment.js format pattern. Default: MMMM Do YYYY, HH:mm:ss.SSS | timeFormat Accepted Types: string | .es(split=level.keyword:5).legend(position=ne,columns=4,showTime=true,timeFormat="dddd, MMMM Do YYYY, h:mm:ss a") momentjs time formats guide |
.lines() | Show the seriesList as lines. (Chainable) | fill, width, show, stack, steps | .es(*).lines(fill=...,width=...,show=...,stack=...,steps=...) |
.lines(fill) | Number between 0 and 10. Use for making area charts. | fill Accepted Types: number, null | .es(*).lines(fill=1.2) |
.lines(width) | Line thickness. | width Accepted Types: number, null | .es(*).lines(fill=1.2,width=0.2) |
.lines(show) | Show or hide lines. | show Accepted Types: number, boolean, null | .es(*).lines(fill=1.2,width=0.2,show=null) |
.lines(stack) | Stack lines, often misleading. At least use some fill if you use this. | stack Accepted Types: boolean, null | .es(split=level.keyword:5).lines(fill=1.2,width=0.2,show=null,stack=true) |
.lines(steps) | Show line as step, e.g, do not interpolate between points | steps Accepted Types: number, boolean, null | .es(split=level.keyword:5).lines(fill=1.2,width=0.2,show=null,stack=true,steps=true) |
.log() | Return the logarithm value of each value in the seriesList (default base: 10). (Chainable) | base Accepted Types: number | .es(*).log(base=2) |
.max() | Maximum values of one or more series in a seriesList to each position, in each series, of the input seriesList. (Chainable) | value Accepted Types: seriesList, number Sets the point to whichever is higher, the existing value, or the one passed. If passing a seriesList it must contain exactly 1 series. | .es(*).max(value=100000) |
.min() | Minimum values of one or more series in a seriesList to each position, in each series, of the input seriesList. (Chainable) | value Accepted Types: seriesList, number Sets the point to whichever is lower, the existing value, or the one passed. If passing a seriesList it must contain exactly 1 series. | .es(*).min(value=100000) |
.multiply() | Multiply the values of one or more series in a seriesList to each position, in each series, of the input seriesList. (Chainable) | multiplier Accepted Types: seriesList, number | .es(*).multiply(multiplier=2) |
.mvavg() | Calculate the moving average over a given window. Nice for smoothing noisy series. (Chainable) | window Accepted Types: string, number Number of points, or a date math expression (e.g. 1d, 1m) to average over. If a date math expression is specified, the function will get as close as possible given the current select interval. If the date math expression is not evenly divisible by the interval the results may appear abnormal. position Accepted Types: string, null Position of the averaged points relative to the result time. One of: left, right, center | .es(*).mvavg(position=center,window=1h) |
.mvstd() | Calculate the moving standard deviation over a given window. Uses naive two-pass algorithm. Rounding errors may become more noticeav | window Accepted Types: number Number of points to compute the standard deviation over. position Accepted Types: string, null Position of the window slice relative to the result time. Options are left, right, center. Default: left. | .es(*).mvstd(position=center,window=10) |
.points() | Show the series as points. (Chainable) | fill Accepted Types: number, null Number between 0 and 10 representing opacity of fill. fillColor Accepted Types: string, null Color with which to fill point. radius Accepted Types: number, null Size of points. show Accepted Types: boolean, null Show points or not. symbol Accepted Types: string, null Point symbol. One of: triangle, cross, square, diamond, circle. weight Accepted Types: number, null Thickness of line around point. | .es(*).points(fill=1.4,fillColor=navy,radius=4.1,show=true,symbol=diamond,weight=0.9) |
.precision() | Number of digits to round the decimal portion of the value to. (Chainable) | precision Accepted Types: number | .es(*).precision(precision=3) |
.range() | Changes the max and min of the series while keeping the same shape. (Chainable) | max, min Accepted Types: number | .es(*).range(min=0,max=100) |
.scale_interval() | Changes scales of a value (usually a sum or a count) to a new interval. For example, as a per-second rate. (Chainable) | interval Accepted Types: string The new interval in date math notation, e.g., 1s for 1 second. 1m, 5m, 1w, 1M, 1y, etc. | .es(*).scale_interval(interval=1s) |
.static() or .value() | Draws a single value across the chart. (Data Source) | value Accepted Types: number, string The single value to display, you can also pass several values and it will interpolate them evenly across your time range. label Accepted Types: string, null | .static(value=200,label="static line") |
.subtract() | Adds the values of one or more series in a seriesList to each position, in each series, of the input seriesList. (Chainable) | term Accepted Types: seriesList, number | .es(*).subtract(term=.es(..)) |
.title() | Adds a title to the top of the plot. If called on more than 1 seriesList the last call will be used. (Chainable) | title Accepted Types: string, null | .es(*).title(title="my title") |
.trend() | Draws a trend line using a specified regression algorithm. (Chainable) | mode Accepted Types: string The algorithm to use for generating the trend line. One of: linear, log. start Accepted Types: number, null end Accepted Types: number, null Where to start/stop calculating from the beginning or end. For example, -10 would start/stop calculating 10 points from the end, +15 would start/stop 15 points from the beginning. Default: 0. | .es(*).trend(mode=linear,start=10,end=-10) |
.trim() | Set N buckets at the start or end of a series to null to fit the "partial bucket issue". (Chainable) | start Accepted Types: number, null end Accepted Types: number, null Buckets to trim from the beginning/end of the series. Default: 1 | .es(*).trim(start=4,end=4) |
.yaxis() | Configures a variety of y-axis options, the most important likely being the ability to add an Nth (e.g. 2nd) y-axis. (Chainable) | color, label, max, min, position, tickDecimals, units, yaxis | .es(*).yaxis(color=...,label=...,show=...,max=...,min=...,position=...,tickDecimals=...,units=...,yaxis=...) |
.yaxis(color) | Color of axis label | color Accepted Types: string, null | .es(*).yaxis(color=blue,position=left,label=count,min=100,max=500,tickDecimals=2,units=bytes,yaxis=1) |
.yaxis(label) | Label for axis | label Accepted Types: string, null | .es(*).yaxis(color=blue,position=left,label=count,min=100,max=500,tickDecimals=2,units=bytes,yaxis=1) |
.yaxis(max) | Max value | max Accepted Types: number, null | .es(*).yaxis(color=blue,position=left,label=count,min=100,max=500,tickDecimals=2,units=bytes,yaxis=1) |
.yaxis(min) | Max value | min Accepted Types: number, null | .es(*).yaxis(color=blue,position=left,label=count,min=100,max=500,tickDecimals=2,units=bytes,yaxis=1) |
.yaxis(position) | left or right | position Accepted Types: string, null | .es(*).yaxis(color=blue,position=left,label=count,min=100,max=500,tickDecimals=2,units=bytes,yaxis=1) |
.yaxis(tickDecimals) | The number of decimal places for the y-axis tick labels. | tickDecimals Accepted Types: number, null | .es(*).yaxis(color=blue,position=left,label=count,min=100,max=500,tickDecimals=2,units=bytes,yaxis=1) |
.yaxis(units) | The function to use for formatting y-axis labels. One of: bits, bits/s, bytes, bytes/s, currency(:ISO 4217 currency code), percent, custom(:prefix:suffix) | units Accepted Types: string, null | .es(*).yaxis(color=blue,position=left,label=count,min=100,max=500,tickDecimals=2,units=bytes,yaxis=1) |
.yaxis(yaxis) | The numbered y-axis to plot this series on, e.g., .yaxis(yaxis=2) for 2nd y-axis. If you are not plotting more than one .es() expression there is no meaning to yaxis=2,3,.. | yaxis Accepted Types: number, null | .es(*).yaxis(color=blue,position=left,label=count,min=100,max=500,tickDecimals=2,units=bytes,yaxis=1) |
Tips
- You can enter the Timelion wizard either from the main page when entering Kibana or from the visualizations section. If you enter it from the main screen make sure you choose “save current expression as Kibana dashboard panel” if your goal is to add the Timelion visualization to a Dashboard.
- Use the index Argument in your .es() functions when building your Timelion expressions. By using it, any element you add, such as a metric, or a field will have auto-suggestions for names when starting to type. For example, .es(index=*:9466_newlogs*).
- If you enable the Coralogix Logs2metrics feature and start to collect aggregations of your logs, using .es(index=*:9466_log_metrics*) lets you visualize those metrics. Using both index patterns in the same expression lets you visualize separate data sources like your logs and metrics. No other Kibana visualization gives you such an option. It will look like this: .es(index=*:9466_newlogs*),.es(index=*:9466_log_metrics*).
- Use the Kibana Argument, with the true option in your .es() functions when building your Timelion expressions if you plan on integrating them with a Dashboard so that they’ll apply the filters in your dashboard. For example, .es(kibana=true).
Examples
Cache Status
.es(kibana=true,q='_exists_:cache_status.keyword', split=cache_status.keyword:5).divide(.es(kibana=true,q='_exists_:cache_status.keyword')).multiply(100).label(regex='.*cache_status\.keyword:(.*) > .*', label='$1%').lines(show=true,width=1).yaxis(1,min=0,max=100,null,'Upstream Cache Status (%)').legend(columns=5, position=nw).title(title="Cache Status"), .es(kibana=true,q='_exists_:cache_status.keyword', split=cache_status.keyword:5).divide(.es(kibana=true,q='_exists_:cache_status.keyword')).multiply(100).label(regex='.*cache_status\.keyword:(.*) > .*', label='$1 avg').lines(show=true,width=1).yaxis(1,min=0,max=100,null,'Upstream Cache Status (%)').legend(columns=5, position=nw).title(title="Cache Status").aggregate(function=avg)
.es(q="_exists_:cache_status.keyword", split=cache_status.keyword:5)
– query under q=; aggregate, per top 5 unique values of cache_status field, under split=.divide()
– divide the series by whatever is in parenthesis. In this case:.es(q="_exists_:upstream_cache_status.keyword")
is the same query above, but without aggregating different values (=all values together). Together, (1) and (2) provide the % of each value..multiply(100)
– convert 0..1 to 0..100 for an easier view of %..label(regex='.*upstream_cache_status\.keyword:(.*) > .*', label='avg $1%')
– change the label of the legend (match the original value with the regex and create a label with the result)..lines(show=true,width=1)
– This is the line styling..yaxis(1,min=0,max=100,null,'Upstream Cache Status (%)')
the y-axis styling sets the min and max as constants for the %..legend(columns=5, position=nw)
– sets 5 columns for the legend, as we have 5 splits in the above series, and place it at the northwest corner..title(title="Upstream Cache Status")
– sets a title for the graph..aggregate(function=avg)
– averages each of the different series (throughout the whole query timeframe).
Response Size
.es(kibana=true,q='_exists_:response.header_size', metric=sum:response.header_size.numeric,split=request.protocol.keyword:5).add(.es(kibana=true,q='_exists_:response.body_size', metric=sum:response.body_size.numeric,split=request.protocol.keyword:5)).divide(1024).label(regex='.*request\.protocol\.keyword\:(.*) > .*', label='$1').lines(width=1.4,fill=0.5).legend(columns=5, position=nw).title(title="Total response size (KB) by protocol")

.es(kibana=true,q='_exists_:response.header_size', metric=sum:response.header_size.numeric,split=request.protocol.keyword:5)
– query under q=; the metric to use (in this case sum of response header size) under metric=; aggregate, per top 5 unique values of request.protocol, under split=.add()
– adding to the series whatever is in parenthesis. In this case –.es(kibana=true,q='_exists_:response.body_size', metric=sum:response.body_size.numeric,split=request.protocol.keyword:5)
is the same query above except we are summing the response body size rather than the header size. Together, (1) and (2) provide the total number of bytes for the response..divide(1024)
– convert bytes to Kilobytes..label(regex='.*request\.protocol\.keyword\:(.*) > .*', label='$1')
– change the label of the legend (match the original value with the regex, create a label with the result)..lines(width=1.4,fill=0.5)
– line styling..legend(columns=5, position=nw)
– sets 5 columns for the legend, as we have 5 splits in the above series, and place it at the northwest corner..title(title="Total response size (KB) by protocol")
– set a title for the graph.
Using the .add() function with the same .es() function for the response body size, we can get the full response size even though our log data includes the size of the header and size of the body separately.
Bytes Sent
.es(metric="percentiles:bytes_sent.numeric:5,25,50,75,95,99").log().lines(width=0.9,steps=true).label(regex="q:\* > percentiles\([^\.]+\.numeric\):([0-9]+).*",label="bytes sent $1th percentile").legend(columns=3,position=nw,timeFormat="dddd, MMMM Do YYYY, h:mm:ss a").title(title="Bytes sent percentiles, log scale")

.es(metric="percentiles:bytes_sent.numeric:5,25,50,75,95,99")
– metric to use (in this case percentiles of bytes sent) under metric=.log()
– calculating log (with base 10 if not specified otherwise) for y-axis values of our expression..label(regex="q:\* > percentiles\([^\.]+\.numeric\):([0-9]+).*",label="bytes sent $1th percentile")
– change the label of the legend (match the original value with the regex, create a label with the result)..lines(width=0.9,steps=true)
– line styling..legend(columns=3,position=nw,timeFormat="dddd, MMMM Do YYYY, h:mm:ss a")
– sets 3 columns for the legend and place it at the northwest corner..title(title="Bytes sent percentiles, log scale")
– set a title for the graph.
High severity logs
.es(q="coralogix.metadata.severity:(5 OR 6)",split=coralogix.metadata.subsystemName:5).lines(width=1.3,fill=2).label(regex=".*subsystemName:(.*) >.*",label="high severity logs count from subsystem $1").title(title="High severity logs count VS moving average per top 5 subsystems").legend(columns=2,position=nw), .es(q="coralogix.metadata.severity:(5 OR 6)",split=coralogix.metadata.subsystemName:5).lines(width=1.3,fill=2).label(regex=".*subsystemName:(.*) >.*",label="high severity logs moving average from subsystem $1").mvavg(window=10,position=right)

.es(q="coralogix.metadata.severity:(5 OR 6)",split=coralogix.metadata.subsystemName:5)
– query under q=; aggregate, per top 5 subsystems, under split=.label(regex=".*subsystemName:(.*) >.*",label="high severity logs count from subsystem $1")
– change the label of the legend for the 1st series (match the original value with the regex, create a label with the result)..label(regex=".*subsystemName:(.*) >.*",label="high severity logs moving average from subsystem $1")
– change the label of the legend for the 2nd series (match the original value with the regex, create a label with the result)..lines(width=1.3,fill=2)
– line styling..legend(columns=2, position=nw)
– sets 2 columns for the legend, and place it at the northwest corner..title(title="High severity logs count VS moving average")
– set a title for the graph..mvavg(window=10,position=right)
– computes the moving average, sliding window of 10 points to the right of each computation point, for each of the different subsystems.
Using two series, 2nd series is the moving average for the 1st, we can get each of the series along with its moving average in the same graph.
5xx responses benchmark
.es(q="status_code.numeric:[500 TO 599]").if(operator=lt,if=3000,then=.es(q="status_code.numeric:[500 TO 599]")).color(color=red).points(symbol=circle,radius=2).label(label="5xx status log count above 3000"), .es(q="status_code.numeric:[500 TO 599]",offset=-1w).if(operator=lt,if=3000,then=.es(q="status_code.numeric:[500 TO 599]")).color(color=purple).points(symbol=circle,radius=2).label(label="5xx status log count above 3000 a week ago"), .es(q="status_code.numeric:[500 TO 599]").if(operator=gte,if=3000,then=null).color(color=blue).points(symbol=circle,radius=2).label(label="5xx status log count under 3000"), .es(q="status_code.numeric:[500 TO 599]",offset=-1w).if(operator=gte,if=3000,then=null).color(color=green).points(symbol=circle,radius=2).label(label="5xx status log count under 3000 a week ago").title(title="5xx log count benchmark")

.es(q="status_code.numeric:[500 TO 599]")
– query under q=;.es(q="status_code.numeric:[500 TO 599]",offset=-1w)
– query with an offset of 1w..if(operator=lt,if=3000,then=.es(q="status_code.numeric:[500 TO 599]"))
– when chained to a .es() series, each point from the origin series is compared with the value under the ‘if’ Argument. According to the operator (in this case, lt=less than) if the result is true, the value is set to the value under the ‘then’ Argument for each point of the series.if(operator=gte,if=3000,then=null)
– opposite to [3]..color(color=red)
– color styling..points(symbol=circle,radius=2)
– setting the result to be presented with dots (circle signs) instead of a line..label(label="5xx status log count above 3000")
– change the label of the legend..title(title="5xx log count benchmark")
– set a title for the graph.
Using 4 series, 2 pairs of same expressions only second pair with an offset and between them setting them with different colors from a certain threshold, gives us a nice benchmark comparing our 5xx status compared with a week earlier.
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